Umwaka urashize, ubwo abo bakorana mu nganda baganiriye ku bijyanye n’ububiko bw’ingufu z’Uburayi, ikiganiro hafi ya cyose cyibanze ku Budage, Ubwongereza, cyangwa Ubutaliyani. Uyu munsi, hari igihugu gishya gikomeza kuza mu guhamagara kwanjye, inbox yanjye, no mu nama zanjye: Espanye.

Nkumuntu ukora mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga BESS akavugana nabateza imbere, EPC, hamwe nabaterankunga hirya no hino muburayi burimunsi, ndabigira ubucuruzi bwanjye gusobanukirwa gusa nibicuruzwa nibiciro gusa, ariko imbaraga zisoko zimbitse zirimo gukina - guhinduranya politiki, imbaraga za gride, gushushanya isoko ryamashanyarazi, hamwe nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi butera ibyemezo byishoramari.

Uko ncukumbura muri Espagne, niko nzi neza ko atari irindi soko rishya. Ari mu nzira yo kuba imwe mu nkuru zibika ingufu mu Burayi.

Igitandukanya Espagne nuko ibyihutirwa hano atari theoretical. Byarimaze kumvikana - muburyo bwa visceral bushoboka.

Umuhamagaro wo kubyuka: 28 Mata 2025

Ku ya 28 Mata 2025, saa 12:33 PM, Espagne na Porutugali byahuye n’umwijima wa mbere wuzuye mu mateka ya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ya Iberiya. Mu masegonda atanu, gride yatakaye hafi 15 GW y'ibisekuru - hafi 60% by'igihugu gikenewe. Abantu barenga miliyoni 50 bagize ingaruka. Imodoka zihagarara i Madrid na Lissabon. Ibitaro byahinduye ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi. Imiyoboro igendanwa yacecetse. Imbaraga ntizagaruwe neza mugihe cyamasaha 16.

Ingaruka z’ubukungu zagereranijwe kuri Miliyari 2-5. Abantu icyenda bahasize ubuzima.

Amezi, ibihuha byakomeje kuba bibi. Byari igitero cya cyber? Kunanirwa gusubirwamo? Ikosa ryibikoresho? Igihe ENTSO-E yasohoye raporo yanyuma yiperereza muri Werurwe 2026, igisubizo cyari kigoye - kandi cyingenzi - kuruta igitekerezo kimwe.

Umwijima wari a ibikorwa byinshi birenze urugero. Sisitemu, ikoresha hafi 80% izuba n umuyaga muri kiriya gihe, yabuze ubushobozi buhagije bwo kugenzura imbaraga za voltage. Oscillations yari yagaragaye kuva mu gitondo cya kare. Ibice by'ingenzi byoherezwa byari kumurongo. Ibimera bivugururwa byakoraga muburyo butajegajega - bivuze ko bidashobora gushyigikira ingufu za voltage mugihe sisitemu yari ikeneye cyane. Kandi kunegura, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu za batiri bwari buke cyane gutanga serivisi byihuse, serivise ya gride yashoboraga guhagarika sisitemu.

Nkuko isesengura rimwe ryabivuze mu buryo bweruye: “Ntabwo ari ibivugururwa - ahubwo ni ukugenzura voltage.”

Isomo ryarasobanutse. Sisitemu yingufu zifite 70% zishobora kuvugururwa kandi hafi yabitswe ntabwo ari inzibacyuho yuzuye. Ni sisitemu ikora idafite urusobe rwumutekano.

Kuva Wake-Up Hamagara Kugana Isoko

Umwijima ntiwashizeho isoko ryo kubika Espagne. Ariko byihutishije ibyari byanze bikunze.

Ihinduka rya ingufu za Espagne ryabaye indashyikirwa ku rugero urwo arirwo rwose. Ubu igihugu cyararangiye 46 GW yubushyuhe bwizuba PV - kinini mu Burayi - hamwe n’ibishobora kuvugururwa bingana na 70% yubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho. Muri Q1 2026 honyine, Espagne yongeyeho 2,3 GW y’izuba rifite ingufu, kwiyongera 5.5% mu gihembwe kimwe.

Ariko iyi ntsinzi yashyizeho ikibazo cyayo - imwe buri soko rishobora kuvugururwa amaherezo rihura naryo.

Icyorezo Cy’icyorezo

Mu 2024, Espagne yanditse amasaha 168 y’ibiciro byinshi by’amashanyarazi. Mu 2025, iyo mibare yariyongereye Amasaha 555 - birenze bitatu. Kugeza Q1 2026, Espagne yari imaze kwinjira Amasaha 397 y'ibiciro bya sub-zeru, ugereranije n'amasaha 48 gusa mugihe kimwe cya 2025. Muri Q2 2025 honyine, Espagne yanditse amasaha 411 y'ibiciro bibi - isumba ayandi yose ku isoko rya EU-10.

Hagati aho, ibiciro byumunsi byakwirakwiriye cyane. Buri munsi ikwirakwira hagati yamasaha make kandi ahenze cyane ubu arenze € 150 / MWh. Ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2025, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cyagurishijwe muri Espanye cyageze € 177.95 / MWh.

Iki nigitabo cyasinywe na gride yuzuye izuba: ibiciro bya sasita bigabanuka kugeza kuri zeru cyangwa munsi, mugihe nimugoroba igiciro cyo hejuru cyizamuka mugihe izuba ryacitse kandi risaba kwiyongera. Ibiciro byo gufata izuba muri Espagne byagabanutseho 12% umwaka ushize ugereranije € 39.93 / MWh muri 2025, hamwe impuzandengo ya buri kwezi igabanuka munsi ya € 20 / MWh mugihe cyizuba ryinshi.

Ubutumwa buva ku isoko ntabwo ari amakosa: ntibikiri kubyerekeranye ningufu zitanga - ni mugihe ubyara umusaruro.

Ihinduka ry’isoko ry’ingufu muri Espagne: Kuzamuka Ibiciro bibi no Kwiyongera BIKenewe

Umuyoboro uturika

Igisubizo cya Espagne kuri ibyo bibazo cyihuse kandi gikomeye.

Umuyoboro wa BESS umushinga wazamutse cyane 464% umwaka-ku-mwaka. Umutuku Eléctrica yamaze kubyemeza 22 GW yububiko bwo kubika uruhushya, hamwe na 16 GW yongeyeho gutegereza. Kurenga 25 GW yimishinga ya batiri ubu iri kumurongo wa gride.

Dukurikije gahunda y’igihugu y’igihugu cya Espagne ishinzwe ingufu n’ikirere (PNIEC), iki gihugu kigamije 22.5 GW yo kubika ingufu muri 2030 - intego igaragara ubu ntabwo irarikira gusa ahubwo irakenewe.

Abasesenguzi b'inganda bateganya hafi 1 GWh yububiko bushya bwo kubika muri 2026 (kwiyongera 233% umwaka-ku-mwaka), kuzamuka kuri 2 GWh muri 2027 no kugera 6.8 GWh muri 2030.

Kandi imishinga imaze kugenda:

• Naturgy yavunitse ku mishinga ine yambere ya BESS (160 MW / 342 MWh) muri Almería no mu birwa bya Canary, hamwe n’imishinga 10 y’imishinga ingana na miliyoni 80 z’amayero.
• Iberdrola yatangije bateri ya mbere nini ya Espagne nini muri Mutarama 2026 - Romeral na Olmedilla muri Cuenca, buri MW 30 MW / 60 MWh - mu gice cya MW 173 gishyigikiwe na miliyoni 37.5 zama Euro mu kigega cya PERTE.
• Grenergy irimo kubaka BESS nini yihagararaho muri Espagne kugeza ubu: umushinga wa MW / 600 MWh Oviedo, hamwe n’imyaka 10 yo kwishyuza amafaranga hamwe n’ishoramari rifite agaciro.
• FRV irimo guteza imbere MW 334 MW / 1,336 MWh mubice bitandatu muri Cataloniya.
• Acciona, Statkraft, Galp, OPD Ingufu, Ignis, Zelestra, Engie, Repsol, na Endesa byose biteza imbere imiyoboro ifatika.

Zelestra, umwe mu bayobozi bateye imbere muri Espagne, yabivuze yeruye: Ati: "Ntabwo tuzi umushinga uwo ari wo wose wa PV utagira ububiko ukundi. Ibyo ni ngombwa."

Mubyukuri, 400 zose zakurikiranwe na BESS zasezeranijwe muri Espagne mu 2025 zashyizwe hamwe nizuba - ikimenyetso cyerekana ko isoko ryinjije logique yizuba-hongeweho-kubika nkibisanzwe.

Politiki Yumurongo

Politiki iragenda ifata ukuri kwisoko - no mubice bimwe, imbere yacyo.

Muri Gicurasi 2026, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemeje ku mugaragaro Espagne uburyo bw'isoko ry'ubushobozi, izakangurira kugeza Miliyari 9 zirenga 2026–2036 kwemeza umutungo uhagije. Numukino uhindura ububiko, utanga igihe kirekire cyamasezerano yinjiza ahindura BESS kuva umucuruzi watsindiye umutungo wibikorwa remezo bya banki.

Kurenga isoko yubushobozi, ububiko bwa Espagne bushyigikiwe ninzira nyinshi zinkunga:

• Amafaranga ya PERTE (EU Recovery and Resilience Facility) gutera inkunga BESS capex
• Bishyigikiwe na FEDER cyamunara yo kubika ingufu
• Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi Ingamba zo Kubika Ingufu hamwe na 200 GW EU yagutse yo kubika muri 2030
• Inzibacyuho Kuri Ibice by'iminota 15 .

Guhindura imiterere kuminota 15 ya granularity ni ngombwa cyane muri Espagne. Kugaragara kw'ibiciro by'amasaha "sawtooth" by'amasaha - byatewe no kongera umuvuduko ukabije hamwe n'imbogamizi za gride - byashyizeho izindi nzego z'ubukemurampaka zitari zibaho ku butegetsi bwa kera bwo gutura buri saha.

Ibyo Abakiriya Basaba Mubyukuri

Binyuze mu biganiro byanjye bya buri munsi nabakiriya bakora ku isoko rya Espagne, nabonye ubwihindurize bugaragara mubyo bakeneye - kandi birenze ibyuma.

Umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri ishize, ikiganiro cyibanze cyane cyane kuri chimie selile, ibiciro bya sisitemu, nigihe cyo gutanga. Uyu munsi, ibibazo biratandukanye cyane:

• "EMS yawe irashobora guhuza inzira nyinshi zinjiza - ubukemurampaka bwumunsi, serivisi zinyongera, inshingano zamasoko - icyarimwe?"
• “Sisitemu yawe yaba yubahiriza kodegisi ya Espanye iheruka gukurikiza amategeko n'amabwiriza y'i Burayi, harimo n'ibisabwa kugira ngo umufasha wa voltage?”
• Ati: "Urashobora gushyigikira ubushobozi bwo gukora gride? Umwijima watweretse ko kugenzura ingufu za voltage bitakiri ngombwa."
• "Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa komisiyo ishinzwe kandi igihe kirekire O&M ushobora gutanga mu karere?"
• Ati: "Nigute ushobora gukemura hamwe hamwe n'umutungo w'izuba uriho? Ibiciro byacu byo gufata birasenyuka nta bubiko."

Ibi ntabwo ari ibibazo bisanzwe. Bagaragaza isoko ryarenze "imirimo yo kubika hano?" icyiciro hanyuma yinjira "nigute dushobora gukora imirimo yo kubika neza hano?" icyiciro.

Iri ni ihinduka rwose nari niteze - kandi ryerekana ibyo nabonye mu yandi masoko yo mu Burayi akuze. Irushanwa mu nganda zibika ingufu ntikiri ryerekeranye na bateri igura make kuri kilowatt-saha. Nibijyanye ninde ushobora gutanga igisubizo gihuriweho gitanga agaciro karekare murwego rwubuzima bwose.

Kubateza imbere bahura nigiciro cyo gufata izuba, umufatanyabikorwa ukwiye ntabwo agurisha ibikoresho gusa. Bakeneye umuntu wunvise isoko ryamashanyarazi ya Espagne imbaraga zidasanzwe - uburyo bubi bwibiciro, ibicuruzwa byinjira muri serivisi zunganira, urwego rwisoko ryubushobozi, inzitizi zibemerera - kandi zishobora gukora sisitemu ikurikirana amafaranga yose.

Kwihuza nabakiriya nabafatanyabikorwa kuri E Europe 2026

Nibyo, buri soko rifite umuvuduko waryo witerambere.

Espagne iracyari isoko igaragara, aho politiki, imishinga yubucuruzi, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi bikomeje gutera imbere. Ariko ibi nibyo rwose bituma bishimisha cyane. Iterambere ryihuse ryayo ritanga amahirwe mashya kubateza imbere, amasosiyete ya EPC, abashoramari, nabatanga ibisubizo.

Ikipe ya Wenergy muri Ubwenge E Europe 2026

Mu bwenge bwa E Europe 2026, ibiganiro byerekeranye na Espagne bigenda byiyongera ingufu zo kubika ingufu byakomeje kugaragara.

Kuri njye, buri soko nkora ubushakashatsi na buri mukiriya mpuza nubunararibonye bwo kwiga. Buri gihugu gifite imiterere yihariye yingufu, uburyo bwo kugenzura, hamwe nibyo abakiriya bategereje. Uko numva itandukaniro, nibyiza nshobora gufasha abakiriya kubona ibisubizo bihuye nibyo bakeneye byihariye.

Kureba imbere

Espagne ntikabura ibibazo byayo. Uruhushya rukomeza kugenda gahoro - muri H1 2025, 64% byimishinga ya BESS yagumye mugusuzuma ibidukikije cyangwa kubitangira hakiri kare, kandi ntamushinga numwe wabitswe wenyine wari wabonye ibyemezo byubwubatsi byuzuye. Imirongo ihuza umurongo ni ndende. Urwego rwo kugenzura, nubwo rutezimbere, ruracyatera imbere. Ubushobozi bwisoko ryubushobozi buracyarangizwa.

Ariko ibi nibisambo byisoko mugihe cyinzibacyuho yihuse, ntabwo ari ibimenyetso byo guhagarara. Abashoferi bashingiraho - kuzuza izuba, ibiciro bibi, imiyoboro idahwitse ya gride, isoko rya miliyari 9 z'amayero, hamwe na 22.5 GW y'igihugu - ni imiterere kandi idasubirwaho.

Isoko ryose niga na buri mukiriya dukorana anyigisha ikintu gishya. Espagne yaranyigishije kubika ingufu ntabwo bigera kuri bateri gusa. Nibijyanye no gusobanukirwa gride, gusoma ibimenyetso byisoko, kugendagenda ahantu nyaburanga, no kubaka ibisubizo bitanga agaciro ntabwo kumunsi wambere gusa, ahubwo mubuzima bwimyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20.

Umwijima wo muri Mata 2025 wari amahano no kuburira. Ariko igisubizo - umuvuduko wa 464%, isoko ryubushobozi bwigihugu, umurongo wamatangazo yimishinga yaturutse muri buri kigo gikomeye cya Espagne - byerekana ko isoko yumvise ubutumwa bwumvikana kandi bwumvikana.

Inkuru yo kubika ingufu za Espagne iratangiye. Ntegerezanyije amatsiko gukomeza kwigira ku rungano rw’inganda no gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa mu Burayi kugira ngo dushyigikire icyiciro gikurikira cyo guteza imbere ingufu.

Ibyerekeye umwanditsi: Umwanditsi akora mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga BESS muri Wenergy, ashyigikira EPC, abiteza imbere, hamwe nabaterankunga mumasoko yuburayi hamwe ningirakamaro-nini nubucuruzi ninganda zibika ingufu.

Inkomoko yingenzi yamakuru: SolarPower Europe Europe Isoko rya Batiri Isoko 2026–2030; Raporo yanyuma yiperereza rya ENTSO-E kubyerekeye umwirabura wa Iberiya (Werurwe 2026); S&P Isi yose; Umutuku Eléctrica de España; Minisiteri ya Espagne ishinzwe inzibacyuho y’ibidukikije (MITECO); Pexapark; Bloomberg; Umwanya wa Epex.